CLl-PAST-OBJ
16 tu The fresh REFLEXIVE PREFIX In ZULU – A great TYPOLOGICAL Perspective Sonja Elizabeth. Bosch In this post I will investigate brand new root of one’s reflexive prefix in the Zulu, spending extra attention to your procedure of grammaticalization in which lexemes become grammatical formatives. Since reflexivization in certain Bantu languages is opposed, the content have been around in the form of good typological study. In the Lehmann s () discussion of phenomena which are known as reflexive, it is interesting to see he assumes five categories of reflexives, namely 0) autophoric nouns being average nouns such as body, air, soul, head one ple, in the Sanscrit the new noun dtman definition breath, spirit, as well as in Basque, brand new noun burua meaning head, are acclimatized to show the same as English self. Autophoric nouns utilized since reflexives are often followed closely by a great possessive pronoun, as in the following analogy of Vedic: Vedic (1) bdlam dadhana dtmani electricity:acc lay:region placing power during the himself (ii) reflexive nouns which can be nouns saying this is notice and absolutely nothing otherwise, like the Italian language selbst me personally and Finnish itse since portrayed on adopting the instances: 344
17 German (2) Ich komme selbst I am coming me personally Finnish (3) Halu-at-ko lipu-t itse-lle-au moment ou? want-2.sg-int ticket-acc.pl notice-all-poss.dos.sg Would you like the newest passes yourself? During the dialects particularly Finnish, Hungarian and you can Turkish reflexive nouns grab possessive affixes, whilst in almost every other dialects particularly Italian language and/or Love languages, such nouns aren’t usually in conjunction with possessive pronouns. (iii) reflexive pronouns having an important function of referring back to the topic, including the German sich when you look at the: German (4) Sie waschen sich He’s laundry on their own (iv) verbal reflexives which happen to be verb affixes showing that action for some reason impacts the topic, like in next advice: Swahili (5) a-li-ji-ona SBJ.REFL-select he noticed himself Turkish (6) focuk yika-n-di boy clean-refl-at night kid washed himself Lehmann () emphasizes the borders amongst the groups is actually water and you will states these four types of reflexive facets are in fact to the a level off expanding grammaticalization.
In other words, one could discover that it because the good continuum out-of transform that can getting represented below: 345
18 Lexical product Grammatical * morpheme Lehmann (ff) provides examples in different languages so you can train the alterations which have happened or are still going on in one class to next. The procedure of changes is affirmed because of the Faltz () just who, with regard to his morphological distinction between a few chief version of reflexives, particularly NP-reflexives which could consist of a moderate morpheme becoming lead of your own reflexive noun phrase, and you may verbal reflexives, including reflexive pronouns which can be cliticized on the verb, remarks: Dialects may change from you to pole toward other, indeed, eg way are fundamentally on the NP-reflexive pole to your verbal reflexive pole. Within the Zulu reflexiveness was realized in the form of good prefix and that in person precedes the fresh verb stalk. The brand new reflexive prefix try invariable in form, meaning that it is a good morphological figure and that remains ongoing no matter what the class to which their antecedent belongs. This will be obviously illustrated about pursuing the advice when you look at the Zulu: (7a) Umfana wazishaya the fresh-son he-themselves hit the boy hit themselves (7b) Intombazane izibona esibukwini the brand new-girl she-herself-get in-mirror The woman notices by herself about mirror Within these instances -zi- ‘s the reflexive morpheme together with actions off strike and view is led right back upon new respective grammatical sufferers, that is, son and woman. It’s interesting one in the generative knowledge, a significant belief is generated for the thaicupid zaloguj siÄ™ fundamental framework out-of sentences which includes reflexives, particularly NP1 – V – NP1. On top, such a construction was ungrammatical on the Bantu dialects whether your one or two NPs is co-referential and similar fit, elizabeth.grams. (8) *USipho wakhohlisa usipho * Sipho duped Sipho Inside Zulu such as a phrase is established grammatical by insertion regarding a reflexive prefix regarding verb and you may the removal of one’s co-referential noun. elizabeth.g. 346